現(xiàn)在國(guó)際合作非常多，很多場(chǎng)合都需要口譯翻譯員。口譯翻譯員即使提前做好充分的準(zhǔn)備，在現(xiàn)場(chǎng)也無(wú)法避免意外的出現(xiàn)，今天北京翻譯公司給大家說(shuō)說(shuō)在口譯中如果出現(xiàn)錯(cuò)誤怎樣巧妙躲避?

　　There is so much international cooperation now that interpreters are required on many occasions. Even if interpreters are fully prepared in advance, they will not be able to avoid accidents at the scene. Today, the Beijing Translation Company told us how to avoid mistakes in interpreting.

　　1、沒(méi)聽(tīng)清、聽(tīng)漏了或者沒(méi)聽(tīng)懂

　　I can't hear you. I missed or didn't understand.

　　由于口譯現(xiàn)場(chǎng)環(huán)境、講話人語(yǔ)速、語(yǔ)音等因素，或者是由于譯者在譯前準(zhǔn)備上有所疏漏、在現(xiàn)場(chǎng)一時(shí)疲憊分神的原因，就會(huì)出現(xiàn)這樣的情況了。首先，你要分清楚這部分的內(nèi)容是否足夠重要、是否會(huì)影響對(duì)其他部分內(nèi)容的理解，如果是次要內(nèi)容，并不影響大局，可以省略不譯或著直接采取模糊處理的辦法。

　　This will happen because of the environment of the interpretation scene, the speaker's speaking speed, the pronunciation and so on, or because of the translator's omission in the preparation before translation, and the temporary exhaustion and distraction of the translator at the scene. First of all, you have to distinguish whether the content of this section is important enough, whether it will affect the understanding of the other parts, if it is a minor content, it does not affect the overall situation, you can omit the translation or take a direct approach to ambiguity.

　　如果是關(guān)乎全文的關(guān)鍵性的內(nèi)容，就必須要認(rèn)真對(duì)待了，這時(shí)候你就需要一些口譯技巧來(lái)幫忙了。在相對(duì)寬松的環(huán)境下，如果方便得體，最好立刻詢問(wèn)講話人，或者請(qǐng)教現(xiàn)場(chǎng)的相關(guān)專家，不能硬著頭皮往下進(jìn)行翻譯，造成誤解，會(huì)影響會(huì)談和交流;如果是非常正式的場(chǎng)合或者大會(huì)發(fā)言，只能先用比較中性或模糊的話過(guò)渡，然后集中注意力，恃機(jī)調(diào)整補(bǔ)救。

　　If it is critical to the text, it must be taken seriously, and you need some interpretation skills to help. In a relatively loose environment, if convenient and appropriate, it is best to immediately ask the speaker, or consult the relevant experts on the scene, can not be forced to head down to translate, resulting in misunderstanding, will affect the talks and exchanges; If it is a very formal occasion or a conference address, you can only use neutral or vague words to transition, and then focus on the machine to adjust the remedy.

　　2、錯(cuò)譯

　　2, wrong translation

　　最優(yōu)秀的譯員在現(xiàn)場(chǎng)口譯中也難免出錯(cuò)。認(rèn)識(shí)到自己譯錯(cuò)了以后，不要驚慌，也不要說(shuō)“對(duì)不起，我譯錯(cuò)了”或者I’m sorry. I made a mistake. 這樣不僅會(huì)讓聽(tīng)眾產(chǎn)生理解混亂，還會(huì)損害譯員和譯文的可信度。好的口譯技巧可以幫你順利通過(guò)難關(guān)。這時(shí)的你可以重譯，并且對(duì)正確的譯文采取重音重復(fù)的辦法，就像平時(shí)說(shuō)話要強(qiáng)調(diào)某事一樣。或者以解釋的語(yǔ)氣和方式，用I mean, … 或“就是說(shuō)”、“確切地說(shuō)”引出正確的譯文。

　　The best interpreters also make mistakes in field interpretation. Don't panic or say "I'm sorry, I'm wrong" or "I'm sorry" or "I'm sorry." I made a mistake. This will not only create confusion for the audience, but also undermine the credibility of interpreters and translations. Good interpreting skills can help you get through. You can retranslate and repeat the correct translation as if you were talking about something. Or in an explanatory tone and manner, using I mean,. Or "that's it," exactly. " The correct translation is elicited.

　　3、不會(huì)譯

　　Three, no translation.

　　不會(huì)譯是由于兩種原因造成的，它的口譯技巧也有兩種。一是沒(méi)聽(tīng)懂，此時(shí)可以按本文的第一種情況處理;二是聽(tīng)懂了，卻一時(shí)找不到恰當(dāng)?shù)谋磉_(dá)，此時(shí)可先直譯，再按自己的理解進(jìn)行解釋，雖然譯文難免生澀，原文韻味喪失殆盡，但不會(huì)造成誤解，也不會(huì)影響交流的進(jìn)程。口譯中遇到習(xí)語(yǔ)、典故、詩(shī)詞、幽默或?qū)Ｓ忻~時(shí)，如果沒(méi)有充分的準(zhǔn)備或事前不了解講話內(nèi)容，一時(shí)就很難在目標(biāo)語(yǔ)言中找到對(duì)應(yīng)的表達(dá)。此時(shí)要力爭(zhēng)譯出原文的大意，傳達(dá)出講話人的主旨，并且使交流順利地進(jìn)行下去，哪怕譯文欠妥也無(wú)傷大雅。譯專有名詞時(shí)，如果拿不準(zhǔn)，還可以在譯文后重復(fù)原文，聽(tīng)眾中的專業(yè)人士很可能立刻就清楚了。

　　There are two kinds of interpreting skills. First, not understand, this time can be dealt with the first case of this article; The second is to understand, but for a while can not find the appropriate expression, this time can first literal translation, and then according to their own understanding of the interpretation, although the translation will inevitably be astringent, the original flavor is lost, but will not cause misunderstanding, will not affect the process of communication. When we encounter idioms, allusions, poems, humor or proper nouns in interpreting, it is difficult to find corresponding expressions in the target language without adequate preparation or prior understanding of the speech. At this point, we should strive to translate the main idea of the original text and convey The keynote of the speaker, and the smooth flow of communication, even if the translation is not very good. Translation of proper nouns, if uncertain, can be repeated after the translation, the audience of professionals are likely to be immediately clear.

　　4、講話人說(shuō)錯(cuò)

　　4. The speaker was wrong

　　口譯中也可能遇到講話人說(shuō)錯(cuò)的情況，好的口譯技巧可以讓你避免尷尬。如果有違事實(shí)、史實(shí)或常識(shí)的錯(cuò)誤，或者是講話人口誤，譯員意識(shí)到了這個(gè)錯(cuò)誤，并且能改正，應(yīng)該在譯文中予以糾正。如果譯員懷疑講話人說(shuō)錯(cuò)，卻又不能肯定，在方便的情況下，應(yīng)向講話人確認(rèn);在大型會(huì)議場(chǎng)合中，應(yīng)按原文翻譯。

　　The speaker may also be wrong in interpreting, and good interpreting skills can help you avoid embarrassment. If there is a fact, historical or common sense error, or a speaker's slip of tongue, the interpreter is aware of the error and can correct it, which should be corrected in the translation. If the interpreter suspects that the speaker is wrong, but is not sure, confirm it to the speaker in case of convenience; in the event of a large meeting, translate it in the original language.

　　5、講話人邏輯混亂

　　5. The speaker's logic is confused

　　口譯常常譯的是即席講話或發(fā)言，而人們?cè)诩聪陬^表達(dá)中，由于思維和語(yǔ)言水平的限制，經(jīng)常會(huì)出現(xiàn)不必要的重復(fù)、拖沓、語(yǔ)言模糊，或者斷句、層次不清、邏輯關(guān)系混亂等現(xiàn)象，這給譯員造成了很大困難，譯員要有想到精妙的口譯技巧來(lái)解決這個(gè)難題。要善于對(duì)原文進(jìn)行梳理，分清邏輯層次，迅速抓住主次，對(duì)于啰嗦重復(fù)的部分，應(yīng)刪繁就簡(jiǎn)、同義合并;對(duì)于邏輯不清的部分，要盡量理出層次和頭緒，并在譯文中體現(xiàn)出來(lái);對(duì)于斷句或語(yǔ)意不完整的部分，應(yīng)首先進(jìn)行句法轉(zhuǎn)換，并加以補(bǔ)充，力求完整，另外，如果下文接著說(shuō)或繼續(xù)相關(guān)內(nèi)容，則應(yīng)該在下文的翻譯中，做到與此句相呼應(yīng)，體現(xiàn)上下文的關(guān)聯(lián)性和邏輯關(guān)系。

　　Interpretation often translates impromptu speeches or speeches, and in impromptu oral expressions, people often appear unnecessary repetition, procrastination, vagueness of language, or indistinct sentences, due to limitations of thinking and language proficiency. The confusion of logic causes great difficulties for the interpreter, and the interpreter must have the ingenious interpretation skills to solve the problem. We should be good at sorting out the original text, distinguish the logical level, quickly grasp the primary and secondary parts, for the long-winded and repetitive parts, we should delete and simplify them, merge them with the same meaning, and try our best to sort out the layers and threads of the parts with unclear logic, and reflect them in the translation. There is no end to a broken sentence or meaning The entire part should first be syntactic transformed and supplemented with a view to its completeness, and, if the following continues or continues, the sentence should be echoed in the translation below. Reflect the relevance and logical relationship of context.

　　6、講話人語(yǔ)言不得體

　　6. The speaker's language is not appropriate

　　由于英漢兩種語(yǔ)言的文化背景迥異，思維和表達(dá)方式上差異很大，雙語(yǔ)交流時(shí)難免有文化的沖突，漢語(yǔ)中的一個(gè)問(wèn)候譯成英語(yǔ)可能就變成無(wú)理的冒犯;而英語(yǔ)的一句贊揚(yáng)譯成中文也許會(huì)令人尷尬。譯員應(yīng)掌握兩種文化背景知識(shí)，提高敏感度，在講話人言語(yǔ)不得體的時(shí)候，要靈活處理，或者略去不譯、或者淡化、或者變通，避免誤解，使交流能順利進(jìn)行，這也是最常用的口譯技巧。

　　Because the cultural background of English and Chinese is very different, the thinking and expression of English and Chinese are very different, it is inevitable that there is a cultural conflict in bilingual communication, and a greeting in Chinese may become an unjustifiable affront into English; A compliment in English may be embarrassing to translate into Chinese. Interpreters should have two cultural backgrounds, be more sensitive, and be flexible when the speaker's speech is inappropriate, either by omitting translation, or by downplaying, or by adapting to avoid misunderstanding, so that communication can proceed smoothly. This is also the most commonly used interpretation technique.

中譯國(guó)際翻譯（北京）有限公司
China International Translation service Co., Ltd.